Rating Starch Content
The starch rating module of Granny is used to determine the ratio of starch in a cross-sectioned fruit treated with potassium iodide and iodine solution (Lugol’s solution).
Segmentation for Starch Rating
Prior to running this module, Step 2: Run Segmentation must be performed so that apples on the tray can be separated into individual images. To follow along with this tutorial, you can use the following image:
Demo image for starch analysis.
Rate Starch Clearing
Inside of your Granny project directory (created in the Step 1: Project Setup), you should have performed the segmentation step before proceeding with starch analysis. Now, you will run the starch analysis on the command-line. Like the segmentation step, you must provide several arguments. The following table lists the arguments needed for the starch analysis:
Granny Options |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Indicates you want to use the command-line interface. |
|
Indicates you want to run the starch analysis. |
|
The directory where the segmented images of apple cross-sections, stained with iodine are kept. |
Similar to the segmentation step, when you specify the --input argument, you can drag and drop the folder where the cross-section images from the segmentation are stored. This will be the segmented_images folder created during the segmentation step. For example if the results from segmentation are in this location /home/johns_smith/demo/results/segmentation/2024-07-11-23-34/segmented_images then your command line will look like the following:
granny -i cli --analysis starch --input /home/john_smith/demo/results/segmentation/2024-07-11-23-34/segmented_images/
Note
Remember, you can drag and drop a folder from the file browser into the terminal so you do not have to type the full directory path.
While running the starch analysis, Granny will output something similar to the terminal:
input : (user) /home/john_smith/demo/results/segmentation/2024-07-11-23-34/segmented_images/
Starch Rating Results
Similar to the segmentation step, a new folder named starch will be created in the results results folder. It too will have a sub folder with the date the analysis was run. Inside this folder will be the results file named results.csv and images of each apple, with regions of starch colored in a dark gray transparent mask.
The results.csv file can be opened using Microsoft Excel or another spreadsheet program. The file includes the segmented image name and the “rating” which is the ratio of starch vs total fruit area.
Name |
HONEY_CRISP |
WA38_1 |
WA38_2 |
ALLAN_BROS |
GOLDEN_DELICIOUS |
GRANNY_SMITH |
JONAGOLD |
CORNELL |
rating |
TrayName |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starch_Example_1.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
0.8275881338459019 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_10.png |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.8983110712752987 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_11.png |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.8867611920385217 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_12.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8661693244509445 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_13.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8421116759081523 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_14.png |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.9007135222578502 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_15.png |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.9342149520786537 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_16.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.848105147965976 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_17.png |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
0.8206200635519464 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_18.png |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.8835256379566238 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_2.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8447790269452538 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_3.png |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
0.8132964616426851 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_4.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
0.8705057411194589 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_5.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8648159588284796 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_6.png |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
0.7896696619296992 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_7.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8531637571421742 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_8.png |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
0.8361481835625268 |
Starch_Example |
Starch_Example_9.png |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.8887840435946733 |
Starch_Example |
To compare Granny’s rating with commonly used starch rating scales, Granny provides additional columns with the estimated rating for several of the starch rating scales that are commonly used.Below are links to the starch card images used for the corresponding starch rating in Granny.
HONEY_CRISP |
WA38_1 |
WA38_2 |
ALLAN_BROS |
GOLDEN_DELICIOUS |
GRANNY_SMITH |
JONAGOLD |
CORNELL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In addition to the results file, a copy of each segmented image is present. The area of the fruit that is not stained by iodine is highlighted with a border and gray shading as shown in the following image:
Granny’s starch rating module will also report an average tray level starch rating in the tray_summary.csv file.
TrayName |
HONEY_CRISP |
WA38_1 |
WA38_2 |
ALLAN_BROS |
GOLDEN_DELICIOUS |
GRANNY_SMITH |
JONAGOLD |
CORNELL |
rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
starch_example.hires_fruit |
2.14 |
1.61 |
1.83 |
3.00 |
2.08 |
1.28 |
1.78 |
2.56 |
0.86 |